projectile_motion
Calculate 2D classical mechanics projectile kinematics: maximum trajectory apex height, horizontal flight range, total time of flight, and terminal impact velocity.
Behavior: Deterministic, idempotent calculation with zero external side effects. Assumes vacuum projectile motion with constant gravitational acceleration: Flight Time t = (2 * v0 * sin(theta)) / g; Max Height H = (v0 * sin(theta))^2 / (2 * g); Range R = (v0^2 * sin(2*theta)) / g. Returns trajectory coordinates, apex coordinates, and velocity components (vx, vy).
Usage Guidelines: Use for ballistic trajectories, physics problem solving, and aerospace launch kinematics without atmospheric drag. Do not use for orbital delta-v rocket staging; use rocket_deltav instead.
Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| gravityMs2 | No | Local gravitational acceleration constant g in m/s^2. Default is 9.80665 (standard Earth gravity). | |
| initialVelocityMs | Yes | Initial launch velocity magnitude v0 in meters per second (m/s). Must be positive. | |
| launchAngleDegrees | Yes | Launch elevation angle theta relative to the horizontal plane in degrees (0 to 90 inclusive). |